Publications

Books

Allwood, J.M., Cullen, J.M., Carruth, M.A., Cooper, D.R., McBrien, M., Milford, R.L., Moynihan, M., Patel, A.C.H. (2012) Sustainable materials: with both eyes open. UIT, Cambridge. ISBN 978-1-906860-05-9. Website

Papers

Skelton, A.C.H. & Allwood, J.M., (2013a) Product life trade-offs: what if products fail early? Environmental Science & Technology, 47(3), 719-28.

Skelton, A.C.H. & Allwood, J.M., (2013b) The incentives for supply chain collaboration to improve material efficiency in the use of steel: an analysis using input output techniques. Ecological Economics, 89, 33-42.

Cooper, D.R. & Allwood, J.M. (2012) Reusing Steel and Aluminium Components at End of Product Life. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(18), 10334-10340

Carruth, M.A. & Allwood, J.M. (2012) The development of a hot rolling process for variable cross-section I-beams. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(8), 1640-1653.

Carruth, M.A., Allwood, J.M. & Moynihan, M.C. (2011) The technical potential for reducing metal requirements through lightweight product design. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 57(1), 48-60.

Milford, R.L., Allwood, J.M., & Cullen, J.M. (2011). Assessing the potential of yield improvements, through process scrap reduction, for energy and CO2 abatement in the steel and aluminium sectors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(12), 1185-1195.

Cullen, J. M., Carruth, M.A., Moynihan, M., Allwood, J.M. & Epstein, D. (2011) Reducing embodied carbon through efficient design. London 2012 Learning Legacy Report. Available from this website

Milford, R.L. & Allwood, J.M. (2010) Assessing the CO2 impact of current and future rail track in the UK, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 15(2) 61–72.

Steel, aluminium and carbon: alternative strategies for meeting the 2050 carbon emission targets [pdf 1.1 MB]
a 6 page paper presented at the R’09 conference in Davos in September 2009 summarising the motivation for WellMet2050.


Reports and Working Papers

Theme 1: Reuse without melting

Conserving our metal energy – Avoiding melting steel and aluminium scrap to save energy and carbon [pdf 5.3MB]
WellMet2050’s findings and recommendations on reusing steel and aluminium without melting.

  1. W1 Cullen J (2010) Steel and aluminium facts [pdf 247KB]
  2. W2 Milford R (2010) Design for future re-use [pdf 150KB]
  3. W3 Milford R (2010) Scrap re-use potential and emissions savings [pdf 542KB]
  4. W4 Patel A (2010) Strengthening the business case [pdf 2.6MB]
  5. W5 Cooper D (2010) Solid bonding of aerospace and packaging aluminium scrap [pdf 4.2MB]
  6. W6 Cooper D (2010) Steel and aluminium products [pdf 1.0MB]
  7. W7 Cooper D (2010) Novel joining techniques to promote deconstruction of buildings [pdf 810kB]
  8. W8 Milford R (2010) Emission savings from case studies [pdf 534KB]

Theme 2: Less metal, same service

Going on a metal diet – Using less liquid metal to deliver the same services in order to save energy and carbon [pdf 2.2MB]
WellMet2050’s findings and recommendations on using less metal to provide the same service.

  1. W1 Cullen J (2011) Global flow of steel. WellMet2050
  2. W2 Cullen J (2011) Global flow of aluminium. WellMet2050
  3. W3 Carruth M (2011) Design optimization case study: food cans
  4. W4 Carruth M (2011) Design optimization case study: deep sea linepipe
  5. W5 Carruth M (2011) Design optimization case study: structural beams
  6. W6 Carruth M (2011) Design optimization case study: car structures
  7. W7 Moynihan M (2011) Design optimization case study: reinforcing bar
  8. W8 Milford R (2011) The effects of yield losses on embodied CO2 emissions in four case study metal products
  9. W9 Milford R (2011) The global emissions case for lightweight design and process yield improvements
  10. W10 Patel S (2011) The incentives for product lightweighting and yield improvement

Theme 3: Using products more intensively and for longer

Prolonging our metal life – Making the most of our metal services [pdf 3.1MB]
WellMet2050’s findings and recommendations on using metal goods more intensively and for longer

  1. W1 Cullen J (2011) Making the environmental case. WellMet2050
  2. W2 Cooper D (2011) Life expectanty trade-offs with product weight. WellMet2050
  3. W3 Cooper D (2011) Steel and aluminium product life. WellMet2050
  4. W4 Moynihan M (2011) Maximizing product services – technical case studies. WellMet2050


Theme 4: Managing heat and shortening supply chains

Taking our metal temperature – Energy and carbon savings by managing heat in steel and aluminium supply chains [pdf 2.1MB]
WellMet2050’s findings and recommendations on managing heat and shortening supply chains

  1. W1 Cullen J (2011) Global exergy flows for steel and aluminium production. WellMet2050
  2. W2 McBrien M (2011) Supply chain analysis of case study products. WellMet2050
  3. W3 McBrien M (2011) Energy savings from shorter supply chains. WellMet2050
  4. W4 McBrien M (2011) Pinch analysis of the steel and aluminium industries. WellMet2050



Brochures

Steel, aluminium and the carbon targets 2010-2050 [pdf 472kb]
2010-2050年 钢、铝和碳目标 [Mandarin, pdf 668kb]
A 4 page brochure outlining the key themes and motivations behind WellMet 2050.


Other Documents

WellMet2050 response to the call for evidence for the UK Waste Policy Review [pdf 70KB]
Recommendations for UK Waste Policy based on evidence collected for report on reuse without melting



Energy and carbon savings by managing heat
in steel and aluminium supply chains